Past Recipients of U.S. Humanitarian Mine Action Assistance

To Walk the Earth in Safety (2008)

Bureau of Political-Military Affairs

June 2008

Report

A group of houses in close proximity to a mine danger zone. [Clear Path International] Thanks to the efforts of the United States and other donor nations, several mine action organizations, and Vietnamese authorities, future generations of Vietnamese, such as these schoolchildren in Quang Tri province near the border with Laos, will no longer have to be concerned about “hidden killers” left from past conflicts. In 2006, there were 96 reported casualties from explosive remnants of war and landmines throughout Vietnam, according to the Landmine Monitor. With further properly focused work that draws from the regional Landmine Impact Survey conducted by Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation and the Bomb and Mine Disposal Technology Center, funded by PM/WRA, casualties should continue to drop and even more land be made available for safe use. A further reflection of Vietnam’s evolution from a conflict-affected country to one with a growing economy is that while war-related casualties have plummeted, about 43 Vietnamese are killed in traffic accidents every day, according to Vietnam’s National Traffic Safety Committee. [John Stevens, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement]

A group of houses in close proximity to a mine danger zone. [Clear Path International]

Thanks to the efforts of the United States and other donor nations, several mine action organizations, and Vietnamese authorities, future generations of Vietnamese, such as these schoolchildren in Quang Tri province near the border with Laos, will no longer have to be concerned about “hidden killers” left from past conflicts. In 2006, there were 96 reported casualties from explosive remnants of war and landmines throughout Vietnam, according to the Landmine Monitor. With further properly focused work that draws from the regional Landmine Impact Survey conducted by Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation and the Bomb and Mine Disposal Technology Center, funded by PM/WRA, casualties should continue to drop and even more land be made available for safe use. A further reflection of Vietnam’s evolution from a conflict-affected country to one with a growing economy is that while war-related casualties have plummeted, about 43 Vietnamese are killed in traffic accidents every day, according to Vietnam’s National Traffic Safety Committee. [John Stevens, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement]

The U.S. Humanitarian Mine Action Program has provided a wide array of mine action assistance—mine clearance; mine risk education; mine survivors assistance; training of national program managers and deminers; training of medical personnel to render aid to injured deminers; personal protective equipment; robust 4x4 vehicles, specialized tractors and mine-resistant demining machines; mine-detecting dogs; metal detectors; ambulances for injured deminers and others harmed in a mine incident; aerial medevac capability; and much more—to a greater number of mine-affected countries around the world than those profiled in this edition of To Walk The Earth In Safety.

The United States has provided humanitarian mine action assistance to nearly 50 countries since the inter-agency program’s formal inception in 1993. The following 25 countries have received U.S. mine action assistance in the recent past. U.S. mine action assistance normally ceases when the country is able to achieve an adequate indigenous mine action capacity at the conclusion of a specific program, or when the country is rendered free from the humanitarian impact of landmines and unexploded ordnance (“mine impact-free”). Countries and regions in green denote that they are now “mine impact-free.”

Past Recipients of U.S. Humanitarian Mine Action Assistance
Argentina	El Salvador	Honduras*	Namibia	Somalia
Armenia	Estonia	Kosovo*	Nigeria**	Swaziland
Costa Rica	Ethiopia	Macedonia*	Oman	Thailand
Djibouti	Guatemala	Mauritania	Peru	Zambia
Egypt	Guinea-Bissau	Moldova	Rwanda	Zimbabwe

* Although rendered free from the humanitarian impact of landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) (“mine impact-free”), episodic U.S. mine action assistance has continued or may continue in order to help sustain indigenous capacity to deal with those remaining landmines or UXO that are discovered from time to time. This recognizes the fact that no country that has been affected by persistent landmines and other explosive remnants of war during a conflict can ever be guaranteed to be 100 percent “mine free.”

** Nigeria is not mine affected. However, in 2002 the U.S. Department of State’s Office of Humanitarian Demining Programs (now the Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement) provided expert emergency assistance via a contract with RONCO Consulting Corporation to clean up the dangerous unexploded ordnance that littered a large area surrounding the Ikeja munitions depot in Lagos, following a catastrophic explosion that killed over 1,100 people, and injured about 5,000.

Fiscal Years 1993-2008
(Dollars in Thousands)

Country	Sources	1993- 95	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008 est.	Total
Afghanistan	DOS NADR			1,000	2,200	2,615	3,000	2,800	4,000	5,300	12,519	13,700	14,317	13,500	15,000	89,951
	DoD OHDACA								1,800							1,800
	USAID Leahy								1,000		1,000	700	397	350		3,447
	DOS ERF								3,000	3,000						6,000
	DOS FMF	2,000	1,000							500						3,500
	DOS IO	1,000								1,000						2,000
	DOS PRM	4,000	1,000	2,000						1,500						8,500
	DoD ARCENT								2,464							2,464
	USAID	5,200								13,925	28,875					48,000
	CDC								600	700	400			50	50	1,800
	Country Total	12,200	2,000	3,000	2,200	2,615	3,000	2,800	12,864	25,925	42,794	14,400	14,714	13,900	15,050	167,462
Albania	DOS NADR-ITF							684	326	1,417	1,750	1,000	1,000	480		6,657
	USAID Leahy										340					340
	USAID SEED						1,049									1,049
	Country Total						1,049	684	326	1,417	2,090	1,000	1,000	480		8,046
Angola	DOS NADR			1,000	2,400		3,096	2,844	2,800	3,500	5,300	6,172	5,673	4,500	5,800	43,085
	DoD OHDACA	3,900		100										14		4,014
	USAID Leahy		2,500	768	732			1,000	900		800	651	1,000			8,351
	DOS FMF	1,170	2,000													3,170
	CDC													75	75	150
	Country Total	5,070	4,500	1,868	3,132		3,096	3,844	3,700	3,500	6,100	6,823	6,673	4,589	5,875	58,770
Argentina	DoD OHDACA								550				29			579
Argentina	Country Total								550				29			579
Armenia	DOS NADR						300	850	1,200	250						2,600
	DoD OHDACA						1,110		1,441		67					2,618
	USAID Leahy	1,148														1,148
	DOS FSA								1,800		1,200					3,000
	Country Total	1,148					1,410	850	4,441	250	1,267					9,366
Azerbaijan	DOS NADR						500	1,100	1,380	1,600	2,468	3,500	3,064	2,300	480	16,392
	DoD OHDACA					140	1,110		1,690	1,600	304	483	425	723		6,475
	DOS FSA								1,100							1,100
	Country Total					140	1,610	1,100	4,170	3,200	2,772	3,983	3,489	3,023	480	23,967
Benin	DoD OHDACA													14		14
Benin	Country Total													14		14
Bosnia	DOS NADR				300	2,305										2,605
	DOS NADR-ITF					6,175	5,500	5,161	5,150	2,960	3,000	3,373	3,300	3,000		37,619
	DoD OHDACA		1,238	375	2,100											3,713
	DOS PKO		1,000													1,000
	DoD HAP/EP		550													550
	USAID SEED		8,500	5,000	7,000											20,500
	CDC							300	500	500	500	500	500	205	205	3,210
	Country Total		11,288	5,375	9,400	8,480	5,500	5,461	5,650	3,460	3,500	3,873	3,800	3,205	205	69,197
Burundi	DOS NADR													100		100
Burundi	Country Total													100		100
Cambodia	DOS NADR			1,000	2,000	1,500	2,580	2,468	2,290	2,765	3,466	3,920	4,900	3,937	3,890	34,716
	DoD OHDACA	1,985	420	1,584			90	207	319	158	86	180	94	7		5,130
	USAID Leahy	777			750	1,300	390	1,904	1,600	1,187	865	2,825	950			12,548
	DOS FMF	2,050	1,000													3,050
	DOS PKO		250													250
	DOS PRM	1,643														1,643
	CDC													50	50	100
	Country Total	6,455	1,670	2,584	2,750	2,800	3,060	4,579	4,209	4,110	4,417	6,925	5,944	3,994	3,940	57,437
Chad	DOS NADR				400	732	622	300	350	500	950	1,000	1,780	200		6,834
	DoD OHDACA				1,500	1,000	17			161	244	169	596			3,687
	Country Total				1,900	1,732	639	300	350	661	1,194	1,169	2,376	200		10,521
Chile	DoD OHDACA											735	973			1,708
Chile	Country Total											735	973			1,708
Croatia	DOS NADR					600										600
	DOS NADR-ITF						2,975	2,658	4,570	1,779	1,500	2,300	2,300	2,009		20,091
	Country Total					600	2,975	2,658	4,570	1,779	1,500	2,300	2,300	2,009		20,691
Colombia	DOS NADR												300	691		991
	DoD OHDACA													940		940
	USAID Leahy											500		2,000		2,500
	CDC							50	50	50			200	50	50	450
	Country Total							50	50	50		500	500	3,681	50	4,881
Djibouti	DOS NADR						746	400	404	350						1,900
	DoD OHDACA						227	723		150	67					1,167
	Country Total						973	1,123	404	500	67					3,067
DRC	USAID Leahy								800				500			1,300
DRC	Country Total								800				500			1,300
Ecuador	DOS NADR					1,000	1,000	963	360							3,323
	DoD OHDACA						412	700	650			507	313			2,582
	Country Total					1,000	1,412	1,663	1,010			507	313			5,905
Egypt	DoD OHDACA						10	708								718
Egypt	Country Total						10	708								718
El Salvador	USAID Leahy	1,000	500													1,500
	CDC						150	300	300	450	450	400	400	195	195	2,840
	Country Total	1,000	500				150	300	300	450	450	400	400	195	195	4,340
Eritrea	DOS NADR			500	919		500	1,050	1,602	2,400	1,452	2,800	400			11,623
	DoD OHDACA	3,190	537	218	525	10		5								4,485
	DOS FMF	660	613													1,273
	DOS PKO		287													287
	CDC						150	150	150							450
	Country Total	3,850	1,437	718	1,444	10	650	1,205	1,752	2,400	1,452	2,800	400			18,118
Estonia	DOS NADR					335	300		200	235				157		1,227
	DoD OHDACA						698	853					55			1,606
	Country Total					335	998	853	200	235			55	157		2,833
Ethiopia	DOS NADR			500	1,220		250		1,275	300						3,545
	DoD OHDACA	2,532	537	290	610	10		5								3,984
	USAID Leahy	730							500				25			1,255
	DOS FMF	600	400													1,000
	DOS PKO		500													500
	CDC						200	350	350	400	400	400	400	173	173	2,846
	Country Total	3,862	1,437	790	1,830	10	450	355	2,125	700	400	400	425	173	173	13,130
Georgia	DOS NADR				39		27	1,000	1,100	1,050	1,500	3,000	2,123	1,750	700	12,289
	DoD OHDACA						1,110				4					1,114
	Country Total				39		1,137	1,000	1,100	1,050	1,504	3,000	2,123	1,750	700	13,403
Guinea- Bissau	DOS NADR						99	489		225			400	577		1,790
	DoD OHDACA												162	1,212		1,374
	Country Total						99	489		225			562	1,789		3,164
Iraq	DOS NADR									2,950		2,840		12,000	12,900	30,690
	DOS IRRF									12,268	61,000	9,000	13,200			95,468
	CDC									350				50	50	450
	Country Total									15,568	61,000	11,840	13,200	12,050	12,950	126,608
Jordan	DOS NADR			400	500	1,900	1,511	947	850	893	950					7,951
	DoD OHDACA					859	1,555	4								2,418
	DOS FMF		300													300
	CDC						200	300	300	400	400	400	400	284	284	2,968
	Country Total		300	400	500	2,759	3,266	1,251	1,150	1,293	1,350	400	400	284	284	13,637
Kenya	USAID Leahy								400							400
Kenya	Country Total								400							400
Kosovo	DOS NADR					500										500
	DOS NADR-ITF						899	1,945	1,681				110	205		4,840
	DoD OHDACA					500	3,800									4,300
	USAID		2,307	1,816	2,378	2,537	1,062	1,108								11,207
	USAID SEED					1,636	4,628									6,264
	Country Total		2,307	1,816	2,378	5,173	10,388	3,053	1,681				110	205		27,111
Laos	DOS NADR			1,000	1,700	1,800	1,486	993	1,328	1,200	1,412	2,500	3,300	2,550	2,953	22,222
	DoD OHDACA	59	1,800	3,737	864	396								5		6,861
	USAID Leahy	750		800	1,000	1,800			500	500	500		1,500	350		7,700
	DOS FMF		500													500
	DOS PKO		250													250
	Country Total	809	2,550	5,537	3,564	3,996	1,486	993	1,828	1,700	1,912	2,500	4,800	2,905	2,953	37,533
Lebanon	DOS NADR				291	530	1,282	1,000	1,200	1,475	900	2,300	1,420	1,500	1,000	12,898
	DoD OHDACA						15			489	1,155	1,470	5,007			8,136
	USAID Leahy				300	500		600		600	700	700		1,400	1,500	6,300
	DOS IO												2,000			2,000
	USAID												1,200			1,200
	Country Total				591	1,030	1,297	1,600	1,200	2,564	2,755	4,470	9,627	2,900	2,500	30,534
Liberia	USAID Leahy	1,115	225		500	1,000				416	173	500			500	4,429
	CDC													75	75	150
	Country Total	1,115	225		500	1,000				416	173	500		75	575	4,579
Macedonia	DOS NADR-ITF							1,000	505	97			50	50		1,702
Macedonia	Country Total							1,000	505	97			50	50		1,702
Mauritania	DOS NADR					534	461	400								1,395
	DoD OHDACA					450	1,123	1,123	661	595				458		4,410
	Country Total					984	1,584	1,523	661	595				458		5,805
Moldova	DoD OHDACA					71										71
Moldova	Country Total					71										71
Mozambique	DOS NADR			200	1,000	1,900	3,840	2,180	2,110	2,632	1,492	2,336	2,344	440		20,474
	DoD OHDACA	6,165	100	2,484	1,600	1,100										11,449
	USAID Leahy	2,900		633	1,000											4,533
	DOS FMF	400	200													600
	DOS PRM	1,000														1,000
	CDC						200	300	300	400	50	400	400	25	25	2,100
	Country Total	10,465	300	3,317	3,600	3,000	4,040	2,480	2,410	3,032	1,542	2,736	2,744	465	25	40,156
Namibia	DOS NADR			400	708	1,053	485	40	65	600						3,351
	DoD OHDACA	1,165	100	1,485	1,650											4,400
	DOS FMF	270	400													670
	Country Total	1,435	500	1,885	2,358	1,053	485	40	65	600						8,421
Nigeria	DOS NADR								1,449							1,449
Nigeria	Country Total								1,449							1,449
OAS (Honduras, Costa Rica, Guatemala & Nicaragua)*	DOS NADR			500	1,400	2,242	1,903	1,350	1,695	1,511	2,611	1,776	1,740	1,700	1,300	19,728
	DoD OHDACA	310	200	1,480	1,720	600	460	1,170	550	200						6,690
	USAID Leahy					500			100	478	1,000					2,078
	DOS FMF	1,050	400													1,450
	USAID “MITCH”						2,000									2,000
	Country Total	1,360	600	1,980	3,120	3,342	4,363	2,520	2,345	2,189	3,611	1,776	1,740	1,700	1,300	31,946
Oman	DOS NADR						1,017	273	495							1,785
	DoD OHDACA					4	179	870			1,500					2,553
	Country Total					4	1,196	1,143	495		1,500					4,338
Peru	DOS NADR					1,000	1,000	861	225							3,086
	DoD OHDACA						411	750	650	422	9,669					11,902
	Country Total					1,000	1,411	1,611	875	422	9,669					14,988
Philippines	USAID Leahy										750				800	1,550
Philippines	Country Total										750				800	1,550
Rwanda	DOS NADR			500	625	750	285	400	350	375			476			3,761
	DoD OHDACA	4,580	100	1,610	1,500											7,790
	DOS FMF	300	400													700
	Country Total	4,880	500	2,110	2,125	750	285	400	350	375			476			12,251
Senegal	DOS NADR										112			450		562
	DoD OHDACA													252		252
	USAID Leahy									500						500
	Country Total									500	112			702		1,314
Serbia & Montenegro (FY 93 - 06)	DOS NADR-ITF									833	1,021	1,000	1,000			3,854
Serbia & Montenegro (FY 93 - 06)	Country Total									833	1,021	1,000	1,000			3,854
Serbia	DOS NADR-ITF													750		750
Serbia	Country Total													750		750
Sierra Leone	USAID Leahy						61	32	1,000			500				1,593
Sierra Leone	Country Total						61	32	1,000			500				1,593
Somalia	DOS NADR				343	1,150	1,400	1,400	1,200	450						5,943
Somalia	Country Total				343	1,150	1,400	1,400	1,200	450						5,943
Sri Lanka	DOS NADR									2,400	1,775	2,700	1,108	400		8,383
	DoD OHDACA				183				40	24						247
	USAID Leahy	100	200	200	200	300	400	400	400	400	900		350		500	4,350
	DOS ESF								122							122
	CDC							50	50		25			25	25	175
	Country Total	100	200	200	383	300	400	450	612	2,824	2,700	2,700	1,458	425	525	13,277
Sudan	DOS NADR									896	2,858	2,500	2,420	2,625	3,400	14,699
Sudan	Country Total									896	2,858	2,500	2,420	2,625	3,400	14,699
Swaziland	DOS NADR				210											210
	DoD OHDACA					828	8									836
	Country Total				210	828	8									1,046
Tajikistan	DoD OHDACA										7					7
Tajikistan	Country Total										7					7
Tanzania	USAID Leahy			300				300	600			500				1,700
Tanzania	Country Total			300				300	600			500				1,700
Thailand	DOS NADR					1,050	1,220	1,270	650							4,190
	DoD OHDACA				77	1,773	932	229	68		8	8	8	86		3,189
	Country Total				77	2,823	2,152	1,499	718		8	8	8	86		7,379
Tunisia	DoD OHDACA												3	214		217
Tunisia	Country Total												3	214		217
Uganda	USAID Leahy	1,000														1,000
Uganda	Country Total	1,000														1,000
Vietnam	DOS NADR				139	1,096	1,000	1,650	1,500	2,427	2,714	2,850	3,300	2,575	2,575	21,826
	DoD OHDACA						454	96	118	93				2		763
	USAID Leahy	4,730	1,500	1,500	1,500	1,500	1,500	1,500	1,500	1,300	1,000	500	3,264		1,500	22,794
	CDC								100	400	400	400	400	74	74	1,848
	Country Total	4,730	1,500	1,500	1,639	2,596	2,954	3,246	3,218	4,220	4,114	3,750	6,964	2,651	4,149	47,231
Yemen	DOS NADR				270	1,462	1,236	1,023	750	750	773	750	700	375		8,089
	DoD OHDACA			78	3,622	216	710	5			54	4				4,689
	Country Total			78	3,892	1,678	1,946	1,028	750	750	827	754	700	375		12,778
Zambia	DOS NADR						12	772	816	450						2,050
	DoD OHDACA								424							424
	Country Total						12	772	1,240	450						2,474
Zimbabwe	DOS NADR				680	743	1,140	523								3,086
	DoD OHDACA				1,500	1,000	765									3,265
	Country Total				2,180	1,743	1,905	523								6,351
Global or Multilateral	DOS NADR*				865	7,524	7,202	10,061	7,678	7,841	4,735	3,690	5,446	3,156	15,248	73,446
	DOS NADR-ITF*						768	1,236	1,768	2,914	2,670	2,247	2,140	2,153	12,771	28,667
	DoD OHDACA	1,200	1,200	6,172	6,108	1,377	7,424	3,441	7,839	2	841	1,720	197	1,441		38,962
	USAID Leahy	985	115	925	1,200	3,100	7,649	4,264	700	6,519	3,902	7,524	3,614	5,900	9,050	55,447
	CDC							2,500	2,400	1,250	1,500	1,625	1,200	2,569	2,569	15,613
	Total	2,185	1,315	7,097	8,173	12,001	23,043	21,502	20,385	18,526	13,648	16,806	12,597	15,219	39,638	212,135
Subtotal (Bilateral and Global)		61,664	33,129	40,555	58,328	65,002	91,899	78,387	93,709	108,212	179,064	101,555	104,873	83,398	95,767	1,195,542
By Account
	DOS NADR**	0	0	7,000	18,210	34,320	39,499	39,407	39,322	45,325	47,987	58,334	55,211	55,483	65,246	505,344
	DOS NADR-ITF	0	0	0	0	6,175	10,141	12,684	14,000	10,000	9,941	9,920	9,900	8,647	12,771	104,179
	DoD OHDACA	25,086	6,232	19,613	23,559	10,334	22,620	10,889	16,800	3,894	14,006	5,276	7,862	5,368	0	171,539
	USAID Leahy	15,235	5,040	5,126	7,182	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	11,900	11,930	14,900	11,600	10,000	13,850	146,763
	All Other DOS	16,143	10,500	2,000	0	0	0	0	6,022	18,268	62,200	9,000	15,200	0	0	139,333
	All Other DoD	0	550	0	0	0	0	0	2,464	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,014
	DoD RDT & E***	10,000	3,000	14,746	16,663	17,234	18,847	12,728	13,220	12,893	12,812	13,154	1,379	1,379	1,379	149,434
	All Other USAID	5,200	10,807	6,816	9,378	4,173	8,739	1,108	0	13,925	28,875	0	1,200	0	0	90,220
	CDC	0	0	0	0	0	900	4,300	5,100	4,900	4,125	4,125	3,900	3,900	3,900	35,150
Subtotal (No RDT & E)		61,664	33,129	40,555	58,328	65,002	91,899	78,387	93,709	108,212	179,064	101,555	104,873	83,398	95,767	1,195,542
Grand Total (all accounts) FY93-FY07		71,664	36,129	55,301	74,991	82,236	110,746	91,115	106,929	121,105	191,876	114,709	106,252	84,777		1,247,830
Grand Total (all accounts) FY93-FY08		71,664	36,129	55,301	74,991	82,236	110,746	91,115	106,929	121,105	191,876	114,709	106,252	84,777	97,146	1,344,976

* FY 08 NADR distribution by country TBD.
** Does not include NADR Admin Funds.
*** DoD RDT & E is not reflected in specific Bilateral or Global numbers above.

Legend of Acronyms
DOS NADR: Nonproliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining, and Related Funds
DoD OHDACA: Overseas Humanitarian Disaster and Civic Aid
USAID/LWVF: USAID Leahy War Victims Fund
DoD ARCENT: U.S. Army Central Forces Central Command
DOS FMF: Foreign Military Financing
DOS FSA: FREEDOM Support Act
DOS PRM: Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
DOS IO: Bureau of International Organization Affairs
DOS PKO: Peacekeeping Operations
DoD IRRF: Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund
SEED: Assistance for Eastern Europe and the Baltic States
ITF: International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance

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