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Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act: 2012 Report to Congress

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September 5, 2012

   

Office of Environmental Policy Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs

Report to Congress on Strategy for Safe Water and Sanitation Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act
P.L. 109-121; Sec. 6 (g)(2)
Highlights for FY 2011

· U.S. government investment for all water sector activities world-wide totaled $734 million.

· As a result of USAID investments, 3.8 million people gained improved access to drinking water and 1.9 million improved access to sanitation in FY 2011.

· The largest individual country recipients of U.S. government support for water and sanitation in FY 2011 were Iraq ($154 million), Pakistan ($74 million), Afghanistan ($37 million), and Haiti ($29 million). Support to sub-Saharan Africa was $213 million.

Introduction

The Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (WfP) requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and other U.S. government agencies, to develop and implement a strategy “to provide affordable and equitable access to safe water and sanitation in developing countries.” It also requires the Secretary of State, in consultation with the USAID Administrator, to submit an annual report to Congress describing changes in the U.S. strategy and progress in achieving the objectives of the WfP Act. This is the seventh report to Congress since the act was passed, and like previous reports, represents one point in an evolving process to strengthen the U.S. response to these issues. The basic strategy (as described in the previous reports to Congress) remained unchanged in 2011. USAID is continuing to work on the development of a new agency strategy on water.

Bilateral Assistance

In FY 2011, USAID invested $558 million for drinking water and sanitation, water resources management, water productivity, and water-related disaster risk reduction activities in 63 countries. This included $77 million in short-term, water-related humanitarian assistance activities. In FY 2011, the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) obligated a net value of $29.6 million in water-related investments across 14 countries. The Department of State and the Department of Defense (through Central Command) provided $135 million and $11.1 million, respectively, for water-related reconstruction activities in Iraq.

In addition, more than 20 other U.S. government agencies and departments continue to use their scientific and technical expertise to make major contributions to addressing water and sanitation challenges world-wide. Examples from 2011 include

the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s development and dissemination of earth science and satellite data to monitor and manage water resources in the Himalayas; work by the U.S. Geological Survey to improve hydrologic modeling and flood forecasting in the Mekong region and assist in the development of flood monitoring and early warning system for the Zambezi River; and activities by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct research, monitoring, and evaluation of new technologies and approaches to reducing water-related diseases.

Multilateral Assistance

The United States has provided substantial funding to international financial institutions (IFIs) (e.g., The World Bank, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank, Inter-American Development Bank) and international organizations (e.g., International Atomic Energy Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Development Programme, World Health Organization) that, in turn, have provided significant support for water and sanitation activities in developing countries. Collectively, the IFIs provided $9.6 billion in financial support for water and sanitation activities in FY 2011. Additionally, the U.S. contribution to United Nations programmatic work on water was approximately $50 million.

 

Delivering Results: Selected Accomplishments in FY 2011

· In Lebanon, USAID strengthened the performance of two regional water utilities, improving water service and quality for more than 500,000 people.

· USAID activities in Angola improved access to water and sanitation for more than 300,000 people including over 50,000 in Angolan schools.

· In March 2011, the United States and the World Bank signed a memorandum of understanding to strengthen and leverage efforts to promote water security.

· In the Philippines, USAID provided credit enhancements that mobilized $10 million in local capital for rehabilitating water systems in Puerto Princesa, improving water delivery for 117,000 people across 36 villages.

· In Ethiopia, working with the World Bank, USAID completed a program that improved the hygiene and sanitation practices of 5.8 million people, moving an estimated 2.8 million people from open defecation to using pit latrines.

· USAID implemented community-led total sanitation programs in Senegal that resulted in 25,720 people in target areas with first-time access to improved sanitation facilities.

· The MCC concluded its compact with Armenia to rehabilitate 17 water pumping stations and five irrigation systems and strengthened capacity in local and national water supply systems benefitting 420,000 people across 158 communities, the long-term results of which are under evaluation.

USAID FY 2011 Water Sector Budget Allocations - Overview with Account Detail for Sector Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene

FY 2011 Number of People with Improved Access to Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities

Dollars in Millions

All Accounts

All Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene - WSSH *

All SustainableWater Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene

Humanitarian Assistance

All Sustainable WSSH

All Water Supply, Sanitation & Hygiene Total

Water Resources Management - WRM

Water Productivity - WP

Disaster Risk Reduction - DRR

Grand Total

Operating Unit

AEECA

DA

ESF

GHP - USAID

FFP II **

Sustainable IDA ***

Grand Total

4.462

72.751

99.862

34.918

19.321

52.152

283.466

76.580

360.046

67.189

109.300

21.824

558.359

3,824,501

1,925,266

Africa

53.110

21.000

18.113

15.049

37.971

145.243

40.347

185.590

5.384

4.090

4.888

199.952

1,176,021

548,745

Angola

-

-

-

-

-

304,020

Benin

0.550

0.550

0.599

1.149

1.149

Burundi

-

-

1.250

1.250

1.250

-

1.250

Central African Republic

0.226

0.226

0.226

Chad

1.000

1.400

2.400

2.400

0.490

2.890

Cote d'Ivoire

2.454

2.454

2.454

2.454

Democratic Republic of the Congo

-

5.000

0.064

-

1.665

6.729

6.729

6.729

10,200

1,020

Ethiopia

5.100

2.700

-

2.588

10.388

3.878

14.266

3.000

-

-

17.266

46,625

207,590

Ghana

3.570

-

1.678

-

5.248

5.248

-

5.248

7,050

5,696

Kenya

6.300

-

1.865

-

1.702

9.867

2.160

12.027

-

-

12.027

120,206

129,275

Liberia

-

7.000

-

4.000

0.350

11.350

0.101

11.451

-

-

11.451

28,164

9,100

Madagascar

1.350

3.193

1.786

6.329

6.329

-

3.973

10.302

131,316

Malawi

-

1.305

0.450

1.755

1.755

0.594

2.349

Mali

2.000

0.210

5.000

7.210

7.210

-

3.250

10.460

Mozambique

2.460

1.250

3.710

3.710

-

-

-

3.710

116,504

76,058

Niger

0.327

0.327

0.327

0.327

5,108

20,504

Nigeria

2.020

0.299

2.319

2.319

2.319

36,905

33,440

Rwanda

1.000

0.699

1.699

1.699

-

1.699

Senegal

4.600

0.450

-

5.050

5.050

1.790

-

6.840

18,750

25,720

Sierra Leone

1.236

1.236

1.236

1.236

Somalia

-

-

0.500

0.500

11.771

12.271

12.271

152,191

9,054

South Sudan

6.000

0.850

15.799

22.649

4.045

26.694

0.676

27.370

Sudan

3.000

5.594

8.594

11.649

20.243

20.243

Sudan - Three Areas

1.048

1.048

4.691

5.739

5.739

Sudan (Pre-July 2011)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

80,030

2,744

Tanzania

4.500

-

4.500

4.500

-

-

4.500

15,985

1,640

Uganda

2.000

0.350

2.350

0.050

2.400

2.400

Zambia

4.600

2.150

6.750

6.750

0.350

7.100

77,388

16,000

Zimbabwe

-

4.741

4.741

0.647

5.388

5.388

USAID Africa Regional (AFR)

4.080

-

4.080

4.080

-

4.080

16,980

USAID East Africa Regional

2.000

-

2.000

2.000

2.000

8,599

10,904

USAID Southern Africa Regional

1.530

0.630

2.160

2.160

0.239

2.399

USAID West Africa Regional

6.000

-

6.000

0.530

6.530

-

-

6.530

Asia

2.648

8.683

7.888

5.466

4.272

4.142

33.099

19.045

52.144

31.889

77.344

9.668

171.045

1,516,705

604,881

Afghanistan

-

5.000

-

5.000

1.869

6.869

13.441

15.385

1.313

37.008

380,725

174,594

Bangladesh

-

1.883

4.272

6.155

6.155

-

3.129

9.284

Burma

0.043

0.043

0.043

Cambodia

-

-

1.500

1.500

1.500

-

1.500

63,961

63,961

FSM and RMI

0.492

0.492

India

-

0.620

0.620

0.620

2.000

2.620

17,569

8,309

Indonesia

6.333

-

-

-

0.267

6.600

0.230

6.830

15.824

22.654

201,580

6,760

Laos

0.203

0.203

0.203

Nepal

-

1.463

1.463

1.463

3.059

2.923

7.445

7,266

North Korea

0.056

0.056

0.056

Pakistan

-

-

3.303

3.303

16.285

19.588

-

54.500

-

74.088

Philippines

1.250

-

-

1.250

1.250

-

-

-

1.250

192,141

55,513

Sri Lanka

0.572

0.572

0.225

0.797

0.797

Tajikistan

2.648

-

2.648

2.648

-

2.648

76,744

Timor-Leste

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

17,892

19,293

Vietnam

0.711

0.711

Asia Middle East Regional

1.100

2.888

-

3.988

3.988

2.624

2.400

9.012

USAID Regional Development Mission-Asia (RDM/A)

-

-

-

-

-

-

566,093

269,185

USAID South Asia Regional

0.134

0.134

1.100

1.234

Middle East

68.774

0.450

8.237

77.461

8.754

86.215

15.500

-

-

101.715

880,982

614,589

Egypt

5.000

5.000

5.000

4.000

9.000

4,680

342,500

Iraq

8.237

8.237

8.237

8.237

Jordan

20.000

20.000

20.000

5.000

-

-

25.000

17,685

30,300

Lebanon

17.395

17.395

17.395

-

-

17.395

576,971

13,000

Libya

0.498

0.498

0.498

Morocco

2.500

-

-

2.500

West Bank and Gaza

25.953

25.953

25.953

25.953

281,646

228,789

Yemen

0.426

0.450

0.876

8.256

9.132

-

9.132

USAID Middle East Regional (OMEP)

-

-

-

4.000

-

4.000

Central Programs

9.443

-

5.422

14.865

14.865

4.062

19.538

5.472

43.937

60,514

40,465

USAID Bureau For Food Security (BFS)

16.400

16.400
       

Improved Access to Drinking Water Supply

                     
   
 
  MCC's FY 2011 WATER OBLIGATIONS1 by signing date; with values for Sept 30, 2011 (in millions)
   
  Country2 Total Compact Amount3 Compact Signed Date Entry into Force Date Compact Completion Date Pre-Compact funding (609g) grant Drinking Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Water Resources Management Improved Water Productivity Total Water
  Honduras4 $ 205.0 June 2005 September 2005 September 2010 $ - $ - $ - $ 0.32 $ 0.32
  Cape Verde 5 $ 110.1 July 2005 October 2005 October 2010 $ 0.09 $ - $ - $ 0.04 $ 0.13
  Nicaragua $ 112.0 July 2005 May 2006 May 2011 $ - $ - $ - $ (0.03) $ (0.03)
  Georgia $ 395.3 September 2005 April 2006 April 2011 $ - $ (3.75) $ - $ 1.11 $ (2.63)
  Armenia $ 177.7 March 2006 September 2006 September 2011 $ - $ - $ - $ 0.46 $ 0.46
  Ghana $ 547.0 August 2006 February 2007 February 2012 $ - $ 0.44 $ - $ 3.42 $ 3.86
  El Salvador $ 460.9 November 2006 September 2007 September 2012 $ - $ (4.46) $ - $ - $ (4.46)
  Mali $ 460.8 November 2006 September 2007 September 2012 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
  Mozambique $ 506.9 June 2007 September 2008 September 2013 $ - $ 3.80 $ - $ - $ 3.80
  Lesotho $ 362.6 July 2007 September 2008 September 2013 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
  Morocco $ 697.5 August 2007 September 2008 September 2013 $ - $ - $ - $ 22.86 $ 22.86
  Mongolia $ 284.9 October 2007 September 2008 September 2013 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
  Tanzania $ 692.1 February 2008 September 2008 September 2013 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
  Burkina Faso $ 480.9 July 2008 July 2009 July 2014 $ - $ - $ - $ (0.33) $ (0.33)
  Senegal $ 540.0 September 2009 September 2010 September 2015 $ 0.40 $ - $ - $ - $ 0.40
  Moldova $ 262.0 January 2010 September 2010 September 2015 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
  Philippines $ 432.8 September 2010 May 2011 May 2016 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
  Jordan6 $ 275.1 October 2010 December 2011 December 2016 $ (0.95) $ 0.63 $ - $ - $ (0.32)
  Malawi7 $ 350.7 April 2011 TBD TBD $ - $ - $ 0.53 $ - $ 0.53
  Zambia TBD TBD TBD TBD $ 5.00 $ - $ - $ - $ 5.00
  TOTAL $ 7,354.30       $ 4.54 $ (3.34) $ 0.53 $ 27.85 $ 29.58
                     
  1. MCC funds are obligated at the signing of the relevant 609(g) agreement for Compact Development Funds (609(g)), at the signing of the relevant Compact for Compact Implementation Funds (CIF), and at entry into force for compact 605 funds. These cumulative obligation figures are subject to change. Changes result from a range of causes, including changes to projects, re-structuring as a natural part of ongoing project management, and, in rare cases, termination of the relevant compacts. Values include a variety of necessary project costs such as design, management consultancies, construction, construction supervision as well as environmental and resettlement related activities.
  2. The compacts included in this report represent open and closed compacts with budgeted and eligible Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act water activities during FY 2011. Many of these compacts obligated MCC funds to their water activities prior to FY 2011 and are in the disbursement phase while implementing activities. The full compact amount is provided, but after entry into force MCC records only new FY 2011 obligations or de-obligations (reallocations) to or from eligible water activities.
  3. Total cumulative commitments for all signed compacts is $8.116 billion.
  4. Eligible obligations under the Act occurred within the Honduras Compact's closure period in FY 2011 for work performed during the compact term.
  5. Cape Verde's FY 2011 obligation consists of pre-Compact funding for a new $66.2 million Compact signed in February 2012 that has not entered into force.
  6. Compacts with entry into force dates falling in FY 2012 include Jordan and Zambia which will represent an additional $629.9 million in Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act eligible water activities.
  7. MCC Board of Directors suspended the Malawi Compact in March 2012; however, for the purposes of this report the CIF obligations are reported.